How are the nervous system and endocrine system similar? how are the nervous system and endocrine system similar? the nervous system works antagonistically to the endocrine system to achieve homeostasis. cells of both the nervous system and the endocrine system release chemicals to communicate with cells. both the nervous system and the endocrine system operate over a series of neurons to directly affect target cells. effects of both the nervous system and the endocrine system are immediate and short-lasting?