Answer:
Sonication.
Explanation:
Sonication may be defined as the process of use of sound energy to agitate the particles in the sample that can be used for the extraction of compounds from the sample. The ultra sonic sounds are used in this process.
The sonication pressure is used for the cell lysis. Sonication causes the cavitation that are induced by the rapid localized pressure changes in the cell. This pressure change causes the breakdown of the cell component.
Thus, the correct answer is option (4).
