Coastal upwelling promotes the growth of plankton and seaweed because the deep water pushed to the top is frequently nutrient-rich. Fish, marine animals, and birds can then eat these, in turn. Some of the world's most fertile ecosystems are produced by upwelling.
- The kinds of flora and animal species that can survive in an aquatic environment are determined by a number of abiotic conditions. The amount of sunshine, the temperature, the depth of the water, and the chemical makeup of the water all have a significant impact on aquatic ecosystems, whether they are freshwater or saltwater.
- Oceanic mass movements known as upwelling and downwelling have an impact on both surface and deep currents. The water must be stirred, oxygen must be sent to the deep ocean, heat must be distributed, and nutrients must be brought to the surface.
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