One of the common targets of activated g proteins is adenylyl cyclase.
Adenylyl cyclase, a membrane-associated enzyme that is activated by the GTP-bound alpha subunit, catalyzes the creation of the second messenger cAMP from molecules of ATP, is one target of activated G proteins that is very frequently found.
Many extracellular signals are detected by G Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs), which then transmit those signals to heterotrimeric G proteins. These G proteins then transmit those signals intracellularly to the proper downstream effectors, playing a crucial part in a number of signaling cascades.
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are integral membrane proteins that let cells respond to external signals such as hormones and neurotransmitters as well as signals from the senses of sight, smell, and taste.
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